Following a deadly fire in a residential building in China¡¯s Xinjiang region ¡ª which many blame on COVID-19 lockdowns ¡ª Chinese protesters have taken to the streets to demand an end to stringent pandemic restrictions.

Even before the protests erupted, there were signs that President Xi Jinping¡¯s administration was preparing to roll back the costly ¡°COVID-zero¡± policy, though the exact timeline remains uncertain. But this process will be more complicated than many seem to realize.

China¡¯s exit from COVID zero clearly carries public-health risks that must be managed, especially given low vaccination rates among the elderly. Less noticed, however, are the operational challenges this process raises.