One hundred grams: roughly the weight of a small banana, three slices of bread, a deck of cards.

That amount is usually insignificant, but is hugely consequential in sports with weight classes. This small but prohibited excess during a weigh-in Wednesday morning kept wrestler Vinesh Phogat from a chance to become the first woman from India, the world¡¯s most populous nation, to win an Olympic gold medal in any event.

¡°It¡¯s very shocking,¡± Virender Singh, Phogat¡¯s coach, said in a brief interview, adding, ¡°If she got the gold medal, it would have been a turning point for Indian sports.¡±