In pre-dawn darkness, Ibtisam Al-Helou leaves her tent on the Gaza Strip¡¯s seafront on a daily search for fresh water. The Mediterranean lies only a few steps away, but the water she needs to cook, drink and wash will mean a trek across Gaza City.

Setting out before the heat rises to the scorching 33 degrees Celsius of midday, the 40-year-old mother of three makes her way through shattered neighborhoods where word has spread that water might be available.

¡°I live by the sea, and water is very scarce. I suffer from it every day,¡± she said, ?washing kitchen utensils outside the tent where her family now lives.