Japan and the Philippines on Thursday agreed to elevate ties to a level Japanese officials have characterized as ¡°just short of a formal alliance,¡± during a historic visit to Tokyo by Philippine President Ferdinand Marcos Jr.

The penultimate day of the Philippine leader¡¯s four-day state visit to Japan ¡ª which included a rare address before parliament the same day ¡ª underscored the neighbors¡¯ steady uptick in relations, with the two framing their partnership as an increasingly central pillar of Indo-Pacific stability.

Marcos and Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi formally announced the elevation of bilateral ties to a ¡°comprehensive strategic partnership¡± ¡ª the second-highest tier of relations in Japan¡¯s diplomatic nomenclature, below a formal military alliance ¡ª during talks at the Akasaka Palace state guest house in Tokyo.