Japan suffers an estimated annual economic loss of around ?1 trillion due to the ¡°social jet lag¡± mismatch between sleep patterns on weekdays and holidays, according to a recent study.

The estimate comes from a University of Tsukuba research group that analyzed data from about 80,000 workers who use a sleep app on their smartphones.

According to the researchers, this is the first large-scale study to examine the relationship between sleep patterns and labor productivity. ¡°Not only sleep duration but also sleep quality and irregular sleep schedules were found to be strongly associated with declines in labor productivity,¡± the group said.