For the second straight year, Japan has been recognized as the least satisfied nation when it comes to romantic and sexual relationships, according to a survey of 31 countries by Paris-based marketing research firm Ipsos.

The annual survey showed that just 37% of respondents in Japan said they were satisfied with their romantic and sexual relationships, though that figure is 3 percentage points higher than last year. Japan also ranked last for people who said they feel loved. At 51%, this also represents a small 2-percentage-point increase on last year.

The global average for feeling satisfied with relationships was 62%, with India and Mexico sharing the top spot, at 76%, followed by China and Thailand, at 75%.

※The fact that Japanese are not good at showing emotions and attitudes toward romance may have affected the results,§ said Shunichi Uchida, CEO of Ipsos Japan.

Only 69% of respondents in Japan said they were satisfied with their relationship with their partners or spouses, the second-lowest national figure among respondents, just above South Korea＊s 68%.

When comparing gender differences, Japanese women reported greater satisfaction than men in areas such as relationships and feeling loved.

Specifically, 42% of women said they were satisfied with their romantic and sexual relationships, compared to 31% of men; and 56% of women said they feel loved, versus 45% of men.

However, men reported higher overall satisfaction with their relationships with partners or spouses, with 72% saying they were satisfied compared to 67% of women.

Looking at the satisfaction levels by generation, baby boomers 〞 who are around the age of 59 to 79 years old 〞 ranked first in every category.

Generation X and millennials reported similar levels of satisfaction across all questionnaire categories.

Generation Z, however, had the lowest satisfaction rates in two areas 〞 romantic and sexual relationships, in which only 25% were satisfied, and relationships with partners or spouses, in which 52% expressed satisfaction. In both cases, their satisfaction was more than 10 percentage points lower than that of other generations.

In terms of feeling loved, Generation Z had the second-highest satisfaction level, at 50%, surpassing both Generation X and millennials.

Generation Z refers to people who are around 12 to 28 years old; millennials are age 29 to 44 years old; and Generation X refers to those between the ages of 45 and 58 years.

Ipsos conducted the survey involving 24,269 people from 31 countries worldwide from December to January with the aim of observing and understanding global attitudes and trends related to romance.