Japan¡¯s introduction of laws and regulations against organized crime in recent years forced the yakuza into hiding, but in the wake of this comes a new menace in the form of the tokury¨± ¡ª quasi-gangsters who thrive on anonymity and a lack of structure ¡ª with even regular folks caught up in crime.
The emergence of ¡°dark¡± part-time jobs that entrap young people in illegal activities, blurring the lines between the underworld and ordinary citizens, testifies to the growing presence of these quasi-gangsters in society.
Unlike the yakuza, which have a hierarchical structure and strict codes of conduct, tokury¨± lack a clear organizational structure, and the geographical scope of their activities is wide, even extending overseas ¡ª the notorious Luffy crime ring that operated from the Philippines being one such example.
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