Pinky Negi, an Indian teacher with two master¡¯s degrees, loved her old job at a public school in the Himalayan foothills. But then she did what millions of Indian women do every year ¡ª gave up her career when she got married and had children.

¡°The idea of not earning pinches me the most when I have to ask for the smallest of things,¡± said Negi, who briefly tried home tutoring before the birth of her second child led her to give up work altogether.

¡°Even if I have to ask my husband, it is still asking someone else,¡± she said in New Delhi at an office of the Self-Employed Women¡¯s Association, a union group that helps women find work.