When NATO put forward a new blueprint for the future last month, the alliance did not mince words on China.
China, NATO declared, was a systemic ¡°challenge,¡± calling out the country for the first time in its mission statement. The country¡¯s policies were ¡°coercive,¡± its cyberoperations ¡°malicious¡± and its rhetoric ¡°confrontational.¡± Together with Russia, Beijing was striving to ¡°subvert the rules-based international order,¡± the alliance said ¡ª efforts that ¡°run counter to our values and interests.¡±
For Beijing, the forceful declaration by NATO reinforced a sense that China is being encircled by hostile powers bent on hobbling the country¡¯s ascent. Adding to that concern, the NATO summit included, also for the first time, the leaders of four Asia-Pacific countries: South Korea, Japan, Australia and New Zealand.

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