Toyota Motor Corp. grabbed the U.S. sales crown from General Motors Co., swiping an honor that the Detroit automaker has held since Herbert Hoover was president.

If GM¡¯s explanation is to be believed ¡ª that its 43% fourth-quarter sales decline and 13% tumble for the year stemmed from a semiconductor shortage ¡ª then last year¡¯s sales race was really a supply-chain pageant. Whoever could best cajole stretched chip producers for more product came out a winner.

Navigating the squeeze has been a nightmare for the auto industry, and especially for U.S. carmakers. While GM¡¯s sales fell for the year, Toyota, Honda Motor Co. and Nissan Motor Co. posted gains.