Last summer, Halmat Rozi, a Uyghur Muslim living in Japan, received a video call from his brother in China*s western Xinjiang region. His brother said he had someone he wanted Rozi to meet: a Chinese security officer.

China*s top leader, Xi Jinping, had been invited to Japan, and the officer had some questions. Were Rozi and his fellow Uyghur activists planning protests? Who were the group*s leaders? What work were they doing? If Rozi cooperated, his family in China would be well cared for, the officer assured him on a second video call.

The officer*s intent was clear 〞 to discourage Rozi from doing anything that might hurt China*s reputation in Japan. The warning had the opposite effect. Rozi had invited Japan*s public broadcaster, NHK, to surreptitiously record the second call, which was later broadcast to millions of viewers.