Just as the novel coronavirus was gaining a foothold in the United States in mid-March, Pfizer Inc. Chief Executive Albert Bourla called on his top vaccine scientists and laid out a clear mission.

¡°He basically said, ¡®Your mandate is to get this vaccine made. And if you need resources, you come and you ask for them, and you¡¯re going to get them,¡¯¡± said chief viral vaccine scientist Philip Dormitzer.

The assignment was both inspiring and daunting. It provided researchers with the backing to tackle something that had never been done before: design a vaccine to stop a pandemic in its tracks in less than a year.