As flames and smoke from burning bushes billowed toward them, Catalan firefighters calmly controlled the progress of a planned fire on a forested hillside ¡ª an exercise aimed at reducing the danger of blazes breaking out later in the summer heat.

Prescribed forest burns like this, which thin out flammable undergrowth, are a well-known way of lowering wildfire risks, which are rising as the Earth¡¯s climate heats up.

Less understood is the impact on the health of the people who work to prevent and battle those forest fires.