It is not unusual for overseas visitors on their first visit to Japan to be impressed by the country¡¯s efficient rail network, with its heated seats and computerized message boards providing passengers with information updates.

That was certainly true of James Mmari, 35, a Tanzanian graduate who came to Japan in 2015 to study information systems under a state-sponsored program.

But instead of just being awed, Mmari was inspired to create a smartphone app that would help make the advanced bus system of Tanzania¡¯s most populous city, Dar es Salaam, more passenger-friendly.