Daniel Gruss didn¡¯t sleep much the night he hacked his own computer and exposed a flaw in most of the chips made in the past two decades by hardware giant Intel Corp.

The 31-year-old information security researcher and post-doctoral fellow at Austria¡¯s Graz Technical University had just breached the inner sanctum of his computer¡¯s central processing unit and stolen secrets from it.

Until that moment, Gruss and colleagues Moritz Lipp and Michael Schwarz had thought such an attack on the processor¡¯s ¡®kernel¡¯ memory ¡ª which is meant to be inaccessible to users ¡ª was only theoretically possible.