As the biggest earthquake ever recorded in Japan rocked the Roppongi Hills skyscraper in central Tokyo, Makoto Yamada put on his helmet, dropped to his knees, and traded.

¡°We had an option to leave, but we couldn¡¯t leave the position at the time,¡± the 39-year-old former Goldman Sachs Group quant said, recalling the March 2011 quake and hours of aftershocks that he and some trader colleagues braved from the bank¡¯s offices on the 48th floor. My ¡°life is important, but protecting the P&L is more important.¡±

It was that kind of dedication that propelled Yamada from a childhood in regional Japan to a prestigious place studying computer science at the University of California at Berkeley right at the height of the dot-com boom. He went on to join Goldman Sachs as a programmer before switching to the trading floor, using his math skills to value esoteric derivatives.