North Korea marked the birthday Wednesday of its founder, Kim Il Sung, worshiped at home as a virtual deity for laying the foundation for a five-decade-old dictatorship capable of threatening superpowers such as the U.S.

For Kim Young-hwan, a one-time pro-unification activist from South Korea who once revered the Great Leader, Kim became a tyrant who betrayed the country¡¯s socialist dream. A fugitive when he boarded a North Korea submarine in 1991 for Pyongyang, Kim found a power-obsessed despot, rather than the highly intelligent revolutionary he expected.

¡°There was no socialism, but only a monarchy in North Korea,¡± Kim said at a lecture in Seoul last week. ¡°It still is, with all resources funneled into keeping his grandson Kim Jong Un in power.¡±