From the early 1880s, painting in Japan became bisected. ³Û¨­²µ²¹ was used to categorize works in oils that were inspired by European painting movements and nihonga became the umbrella term for a whole array of earlier Japanese painting traditions that were later modernized.

The division caused varying amounts of dissatisfaction as painters were pigeon-holed, and though the categories seemed clear, the historical pictorial record is much messier. Many of the major late 19th- and early 20th-century painters worked in both genres, or borrowed freely from the other side.

Such was the case of Seiho Takeuchi (1864-1942), the leading modern Kyoto nihonga painter who is the focus of the current exhibition at the Himeji City Museum of Art.