Long before engaging in a shooting war, Russia and Ukraine were in an energy war. Bitter disputes over natural gas supply predate the current battle by almost two decades.

Russia¡¯s escalating invasions have since drawn tightening sanctions on its energy sector, including a decisive rupture with Western Europe in 2022. And over the past two years, Ukraine¡¯s power grid and oil infrastructure have been prime targets for Russian barrages.

Now Ukraine is hitting back at the industry that bankrolls Russia¡¯s war machine. A recent spate of attacks, mostly on Russian oil refineries, has the potential to roil not just Moscow¡¯s war effort but also global energy markets and even U.S. politics.