Disruptive technologies are rarely welcomed by workers or others with a significant stake in the status quo. Innovation requires adaptation ¡ª and adaptation is costly.

Powerful incumbents¡¯ resistance to revolutionary technologies has been a major factor in past periods of stagnant growth. Predictably, the initial enthusiasm for generative artificial intelligence following ChatGPT¡¯s release last year has given way to fears of technological unemployment.

No one expects disruption caused by AI to be minor. According to Goldman Sachs, ¡°generative AI could substitute up to one-fourth of current work¡± in Europe and the United States, with administrative and legal professions being more exposed than physically intensive ones such as construction and maintenance.