Elon Musk¡¯s absolutist version of free speech has thrown the world¡¯s richest man and his X social-media platform into the crosshairs of governments worldwide.

In the U.K., officials are weighing tougher rules for sites like X after a surge of online disinformation fueled an outbreak of riots. In India, X was ordered this year to remove posts and block certain accounts in response to farmer protests. And in Brazil, Musk is in a running battle with the nation¡¯s highest court over its orders to suspend users who had circulated fake news.

Taken together, the moves amount to a crackdown by some of the world¡¯s largest democracies against what officials see as a wave of hate speech and disinformation. Yet any attempt to rein in social-media expression runs headlong into Musk¡¯s hands-off approach to user posts, a ¡°free speech¡± pledge that he defends ardently on the website formerly known as Twitter, which he acquired for $44 billion in late 2022 and promptly refashioned into X.