Russia needs to ramp up liquefied natural gas exports to replenish Kremlin coffers and fund its war in Ukraine. Western pension funds may inadvertently be lending a hand.

Data compiled by investigative consultancy Data Desk and the Anti-Corruption Data Collective show that public retirement funds, including those managed by the states of Washington, New York and California, have indirectly invested in the specialized ice-class carriers serving Russia¡¯s Yamal LNG ¡ª the country¡¯s largest active gas export terminal and a vital piece of its efforts to replace its lucrative trade with Europe.

The Novatek PJSC-led Yamal operation in the Arctic isn¡¯t sanctioned and there is no suggestion that the funds violated any rules. Still, at a time of heightened scrutiny for financial institutions, including from their own investors, the previously unreported link between U.S. investors and one of Moscow¡¯s key sources of income is a reminder of the continued opacity of the global financial system. It also exposes the difficulties of cutting off President Vladimir Putin¡¯s key sources of revenue ¡ª even more than two years after the invasion.