Mining giant Brazil has big ambitions to build a rare earths industry as Western economies push to secure the metals needed for magnets used in green energy and defense and break China¡¯s dominance of the supply chain.

Working to its advantage are low labor costs, clean energy, established regulations and proximity to end markets, including Latin America¡¯s first magnet plant which would provide a ready buyer for the metals.

But low rare earths prices, technical challenges and nervous lenders pose challenges to the Latin American nation¡¯s hopes to propel itself into the world¡¯s top five rare earths producers.