Toyota revealed prototypes of internal combustion engines capable of running on hydrogen, along with gasoline and other fuels, seeking to popularize alternate technologies to reduce carbon emissions.

The world¡¯s biggest carmaker, alongside Mazda and Subaru, said they¡¯re making progress on developing smaller, more efficient engines that can work with electric vehicle manufacturing platforms and capable of meeting strict emission regulations in the future.

Emboldened by robust hybrid-car sales, Toyota and its partners say fuel-burning engines have a role to play even as the industry shifts to battery EVs in a global push to decarbonize. The Japanese manufacturers have long been criticized for hesitating to fully embrace electrification, while BYD and Tesla take the lead in battery-based EVs.