Kathy Matsui, the former vice chair of Goldman Sachs Group¡¯s Japan unit, said the realization of womenomics, the term that she coined about the economic benefits of empowering women, is still a work in progress.

¡°One challenge that Japan faces is whether we can increase the representation of women in leadership positions,¡± Matsui said. While the employment rate for women has increased, it¡¯s still difficult for them to move from nonregular jobs to management positions, she said.

Matsui¡¯s comments come after the Japanese government pressed companies listed on the Prime Market Index of the Tokyo Stock Exchange to raise the ratio of female executives to 30%. According to the Cabinet Office, in 2023, women accounted for only 13% of the total number of executive positions at prime listed companies.