This series explores topics surrounding women who began their careers in Japan following the implementation of equal opportunities employment legislation in the mid-1980s. With many now reaching the age of retirement, it is hoped their stories can provide insight and lessons for women in Japan¡¯s professional world today.

¡°I am, after all, a product of my late mother¡¯s curses,¡± said Masae Yamanaka, 59, vice president at Panasonic Connect, a group company under Panasonic Holdings that boasts a turnover of ($7.68 billion).

Yamanaka¡¯s mother preached to her daughters the need ¡°to be financially independent.¡± The family¡¯s financial situation prevented Yamanaka¡¯s mother from advancing to college. After marriage to Yamanaka¡¯s father, who operated his own business, the lack of financial independence remained a chip on her mother¡¯s shoulder, Yamanaka suspected, even though it was the norm for married women to stay at home at the time.